系统运维
前段时间用ossec收集了一些系统的日志(syslog、secure、maillog等)，看了下elk这个架构，发现很适合ossec，也很好玩。
一、介绍：
elk官网 https://www.elastic.co/downloads
elk由elasticsearch、logstash和kiabana三个开源工具组成。
二、ossec Redis elk架构图：
1、每个应用的功能：
ossec：事件源、alert源
redis：用于处理队列，防止数据丢失。缓冲数据。
logstash: 它用来对日志进行收集、分割、集中日志平台
elasticsearch: 开源分布式搜索引擎,提供搜索功能，并用来存储最终的数据
kibana: web页面展示，支持各种查询、统计和展示
2、工作流程：
(1)、ossec client通过1514端口把日志发送给ossec server（存储在/var/logs/ossec/alerts/alerts.log），logstash-shipper把ossec server的所有日志分割，并将分割后的日志内容发给redis。
(2)、redis作为ossec server和logstash indexer之间的缓冲区，用来提升系统性能与可靠性,当logstash提取数据失败时,数据保存在redis中,不至于丢失。
(3)、logstash indexer提取redis的日志，将日志收集在一起(负责汇总数据)。
(4)、logstash indexer再把数据交给elasticsearch，elasticsearch存储最终的数据，并提供搜索功能。
(5)、最后通过kibana提供日志分析的web界面。
三、安装elk：
1、elk包
elk更新很快，版本众多，如果选择版本不一致，可能没办法使用。
如果安装最新版本elk，logstash3.x配置要更改，如果使用logstash2.52的配置，会报错。
elk有3种安装方式，我这里选择tar.gz包来安装。
logstash-1.5.2.tar.gz
elasticsearch-1.6.0.tar.gz
kibana-4.1.1-linux-x64.tar.gz
redis-3.0.6.tar.gz
2、服务器IP
ossec client：192.168.153.187
ossec server：192.168.153.172（安装ossec server和logstash，把这台服务器看成是logstash的client（即logstash-shipper）
elk redis：192.168.153.200（这个logstash是server,即indexer）
3、安装过程
(1)、192.168.153.187
安装 ossec client，安装见之前的博客
(2)、192.168.153.172
安装 ossec server，安装见之前的博客
安装logstash
logstash依赖jdk的，安装jdk
[root@elk-redis ~]# yum install java-1.8.0-openjdk
[root@elk-redis ~]# java -version
openjdk version 1.8.0_91
[root@ossec-server ~]# wget https://download.elastic.co/logstash/logstash/logstash-1.5.2.tar.gz
[root@ossec-server ~]# tar -xf logstash-1.5.2.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
后台运行logstash
[root@ossec-server ~]# /usr/local/logstash-1.5.2/bin/logstash -f /usr/local/logstash-1.5.2/logstash-200.conf &
Logstash startup completed
{
@timestamp => 2016-05-19T02:03:22.746Z,
@version => 1,
ossec_group => pam,syslog,,
reporting_ip => 192.168.153.187,
reporting_source => /var/log/secure,
rule_number => 5502,
severity => 3,
signature => Login session closed.,
@message => May 19 10:03:57 localhost sshd[4623]: pam_unix(sshd:session): session closed for user root,
@fields.hostname => agent15,
@fields.product => ossec,
raw_message => ** Alert 1463623401.3764: – pam,syslog,\\\\n2016 May 19 10:03:21 (agent15) 192.168.153.187-
>/var/log/secure\\\\nRule: 5502 (level 3) -> \\\’Login session closed.\\\’\\\\nMay 19 10:03:57 localhost sshd[4623]: pam_unix
(sshd:session): session closed for user root,
ossec_server => ossec-server
}
{
@timestamp => 2016-05-19T02:03:58.846Z,
@version => 1,
ossec_group => syslog,sshd,authentication_success,,
reporting_source => 192.168.153.172,
rule_number => 5715,
severity => 3,
signature => SSHD authentication success.,
src_ip => 192.168.153.1,
acct => root,
@message => May 19 10:03:57 ossec-server sshd[22805]: Accepted password for root from 192.168.153.1 port 31490
ssh3,
@fields.hostname => ossec-server,
@fields.product => ossec,
raw_message => ** Alert 1463623437.4008: – syslog,sshd,authentication_success,\\\\n2016 May 19 10:03:57 ossec-server-
>192.168.153.172\\\\nRule: 5715 (level 3) -> \\\’SSHD authentication success.\\\’\\\\nSrc IP: 192.168.153.1\\\\nUser: root\\\\nMay 19 10:03:57
ossec-server sshd[22805]: Accepted password for root from 192.168.153.1 port 31490 ssh3,
ossec_server => ossec-server
(3)、192.168.153.200
a、安装elasticsearch
elasticsearch是依赖jdk的，所以先安装jdk
[root@elk-redis ~]# yum install java-1.8.0-openjdk
[root@elk-redis ~]# java -version
openjdk version 1.8.0_91
[root@elk-redis ~]# tar -xf elasticsearch-1.6.0.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
后台启动Elasticsearch
[root@elk-redis ~]# /usr/local/elasticsearch-1.6.0/bin/elasticsearch -d
访问192.168.153.200:9200端口，200表明es启动成功
[root@elk-redis ~]# curl http://192.168.153.200:9200
{
status : 200,
name : elasticsearch-node01,
cluster_name : elasticsearch,
version : {
number : 1.6.0,
build_hash : cdd3ac4dde4f69524ec0a14de3828cb95bbb86d0,
build_timestamp : 2015-06-09T13:36:34Z,
build_snapshot : false,
lucene_version : 4.10.4
},
tagline : You Know, for Search
}
b、安装redis 3.0.6
[root@elk-redis ~]# tar zxvf redis-3.0.6.tar.gz
[root@elk-redis ~]# cd redis-3.0.6
[root@elk-redis ~]# make PREFIX=/usr/local/redis install
//这里纠结一下, redis如果不指定prefix路径,那么默认会在你这个解压的文件夹中编译生成bin文件
[root@elk-redis ~]# ln -sv /usr/local/redis/bin/redis-server /usr/bin/redis-server
[root@elk-redis ~]# ln -sv /usr/local/redis/bin/redis-cli /usr/bin/redis-cli
[root@elk-redis ~]# cp tmp/redis-3.0.6/utils/redis_init_script /etc/rc.d/init.d/redis
配置redis
[root@elk-redis ~]# vi /etc/rc.d/init.d/redis.conf
//然后在第二行插入chkconfig配置,然后修改EXEC和CLI,我的这个文件前几行是这样的
#!/bin/sh
# chkconfig: 2345 90 10
# Simple Redis init.d script conceived to work on Linux systems
# as it does use of the /proc filesystem.
REDISPORT=6379
EXEC=/usr/local/redis/bin/redis-server
CLIEXEC=/usr/local/redis/bin/redis-cli
PIDFILE=/var/run/redis_${REDISPORT}.pid
CONF=/etc/redis/${REDISPORT}.conf
[root@elk-redis ~]# mkdir /etc/redis/
//这个目录用于放我们的配置文件
[root@elk-redis ~]# mkdir /var/rdb/
//这个目录存放redis的数据库文件
redis源码包中自带redis.conf,但这个只是模版,具体配置根据自己的环境设置
[root@elk-redis ~]# vi /etc/redis/redis.conf
启动redis
[root@elk-redis ~]# /etc/init.d/redis start
Starting Redis server…
1447:M 18 May 17:03:50.342 * Increased maximum number of open files to 10032 (it was originally set to 1024).
_._
_.-“__ \\\’\\\’-._
_.-“ `. `_. \\\’\\\’-._ Redis 3.0.6 (00000000/0) 64 bit
.-“ .-“`. “`\\\\/ _.,_ \\\’\\\’-._
( \\\’ , .-` | `, ) Running in standalone mode
|`-._`-…-` __…-.“-._|\\\’` _.-\\\’| Port: 6379
| `-._ `._ / _.-\\\’ | PID: 1447
`-._ `-._ `-./ _.-\\\’ _.-\\\’
|`-._`-._ `-.__.-\\\’ _.-\\\’_.-\\\’|
| `-._`-._ _.-\\\’_.-\\\’ | http://redis.io
`-._ `-._`-.__.-\\\’_.-\\\’ _.-\\\’
|`-._`-._ `-.__.-\\\’ _.-\\\’_.-\\\’|
| `-._`-._ _.-\\\’_.-\\\’ |
`-._ `-._`-.__.-\\\’_.-\\\’ _.-\\\’
`-._ `-.__.-\\\’ _.-\\\’
`-._ _.-\\\’
`-.__.-\\\’
1447:M 18 May 17:03:50.345 # WARNING: The TCP backlog setting of 511 cannot be enforced because /proc/sys/net/core/somaxconn is
set to the lower value of 128.
1447:M 18 May 17:03:50.346 # Server started, Redis version 3.0.6
1447:M 18 May 17:03:50.346 # WARNING overcommit_memory is set to 0! Background save may fail under low memory condition. To fix
this issue add \\\’vm.overcommit_memory = 1\\\’ to /etc/sysctl.conf and then reboot or run the command \\\’sysctl
vm.overcommit_memory=1\\\’ for this to take effect.
1447:M 18 May 17:03:50.346 # WARNING you have Transparent Huge Pages (THP) support enabled in your kernel. This will create
latency and memory usage issues with Redis. To fix this issue run the command \\\’echo never >
/sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled\\\’ as root, and add it to your /etc/rc.local in order to retain the setting after a
reboot. Redis must be restarted after THP is disabled.
1447:M 18 May 17:03:50.357 * DB loaded from disk: 0.011 seconds
1447:M 18 May 17:03:50.357 * The server is now ready to accept connections on port 6379
1447:M 18 May 17:21:03.197 * 1 changes in 900 seconds. Saving…
1447:M 18 May 17:21:03.198 * Background saving started by pid 1466
1466:C 18 May 17:21:03.202 * DB saved on disk
1466:C 18 May 17:21:03.202 * RDB: 0 MB of memory used by copy-on-write
1447:M 18 May 17:21:03.299 * Background saving terminated with success
1447:M 18 May 17:26:04.090 * 10 changes in 300 seconds. Saving…
1447:M 18 May 17:26:04.090 * Background saving started by pid 1468
1468:C 18 May 17:26:04.104 * DB saved on disk
[root@elk-redis]# redis-cli
127.0.0.1:6379> MONITOR
OK
1463623574.234636 [0 127.0.0.1:48009] blpop logstash:redis 0 1
1463623575.258853 [0 127.0.0.1:48009] blpop logstash:redis 0 1
1463623575.453969 [0 192.168.153.172:36662] rpush logstash:redis {\\\\@timestamp\\\\:\\\\2016-05-19T02:03:58.848Z\\\\,\\\\@version
\\\\:\\\\1\\\\,\\\\ossec_group\\\\:\\\\pam,syslog,authentication_success,\\\\,\\\\reporting_source\\\\:\\\\192.168.153.172\\\\,\\\\rule_number\\\\:
\\\\5501\\\\,\\\\severity\\\\:3,\\\\signature\\\\:\\\\Login session opened.\\\\,\\\\@message\\\\:\\\\May 19 10:03:57 ossec-server sshd[22805]:
pam_unix(sshd:session): session opened for user root by (uid=0)\\\\,\\\\@fields.hostname\\\\:\\\\ossec-server\\\\,\\\\@fields.product\\\\:
\\\\ossec\\\\,\\\\raw_message\\\\:\\\\** Alert 1463623437.4316: – pam,syslog,authentication_success,\\\\\\\\n2016 May 19 10:03:57 ossec-
server->192.168.153.172\\\\\\\\nRule: 5501 (level 3) -> \\\’Login session opened.\\\’\\\\\\\\nMay 19 10:03:57 ossec-server sshd[22805]: pam_unix
(sshd:session): session opened for user root by (uid=0)\\\\,\\\\ossec_server\\\\:\\\\ossec-server\\\\}
1463623575.456066 [0 127.0.0.1:48009] blpop logstash:redis 0 1
1463623576.477031 [0 127.0.0.1:48009] blpop logstash:redis 0 1
1463623601.018922 [0 127.0.0.1:48009] blpop logstash:redis 0 1
1463623601.534860 [0 192.168.153.172:36662] rpush logstash:redis {\\\\@timestamp\\\\:\\\\2016-05-19T02:05:17.007Z\\\\,\\\\@version
\\\\:\\\\1\\\\,\\\\ossec_group\\\\:\\\\pam,syslog,\\\\,\\\\reporting_source\\\\:\\\\192.168.153.172\\\\,\\\\rule_number\\\\:\\\\5502\\\\,\\\\severity\\\\:3,
\\\\signature\\\\:\\\\Login session closed.\\\\,\\\\@message\\\\:\\\\May 19 10:05:16 ossec-server sshd[22805]: pam_unix(sshd:session):
session closed for user root\\\\,\\\\@fields.hostname\\\\:\\\\ossec-server\\\\,\\\\@fields.product\\\\:\\\\ossec\\\\,\\\\raw_message\\\\:\\\\** Alert
1463623516.4585: – pam,syslog,\\\\\\\\n2016 May 19 10:05:16 ossec-server->192.168.153.172\\\\\\\\nRule: 5502 (level 3) -> \\\’Login session
closed.\\\’\\\\\\\\nMay 19 10:05:16 ossec-server sshd[22805]: pam_unix(sshd:session): session closed for user root\\\\,\\\\ossec_server\\\\:
\\\\ossec-server\\\\}
1463623601.542622 [0 127.0.0.1:48009] blpop logstash:redis 0 1
1463623601.562655 [0 192.168.153.172:36662] rpush logstash:redis {\\\\@timestamp\\\\:\\\\2016-05-19T02:05:43.092Z\\\\,\\\\@version
\\\\:\\\\1\\\\,\\\\ossec_group\\\\:\\\\syslog,sshd,authentication_success,\\\\,\\\\reporting_ip\\\\:\\\\192.168.153.187\\\\,\\\\reporting_source\\\\:
\\\\/var/log/secure\\\\,\\\\rule_number\\\\:\\\\5715\\\\,\\\\severity\\\\:3,\\\\signature\\\\:\\\\SSHD authentication success.\\\\,\\\\src_ip\\\\:
\\\\192.168.153.1\\\\,\\\\acct\\\\:\\\\root\\\\,\\\\@message\\\\:\\\\May 19 10:06:18 localhost sshd[4834]: Accepted password for root from
192.168.153.1 port 31537 ssh3\\\\,\\\\@fields.hostname\\\\:\\\\agent15\\\\,\\\\@fields.product\\\\:\\\\ossec\\\\,\\\\raw_message\\\\:\\\\** Alert
1463623542.4820: – syslog,sshd,authentication_success,\\\\\\\\n2016 May 19 10:05:42 (agent15) 192.168.153.187->/var/log/secure\\\\
\\\\nRule: 5715 (level 3) -> \\\’SSHD authentication success.\\\’\\\\\\\\nSrc IP: 192.168.153.1\\\\\\\\nUser: root\\\\\\\\nMay 19 10:06:18 localhost sshd
[4834]: Accepted password for root from 192.168.153.1 port 31537 ssh3\\\\,\\\\ossec_server\\\\:\\\\ossec-server\\\\}
c、redis设置密码访问
[root@elk-redis ~]# vi /etc/redis/redis.conf #此文件默认在根目录下。
# requirepass foobared去掉注释，foobared改为自己的密码，我在这里改为
requirepass xxxxxxxx
重启服务
[root@elk-redis ~]# /etc/init.d/redis restart
测试连接：./redis-cli -h 192.168.153.200 -p 6379
输入命令 会提示(error) NOAUTH Authentication required. 这是属于正常现象。
我们输入 auth xxxxxxxx #你刚才设置的密码
d、安装logstash
[root@elk-redis ~]# wget https://download.elastic.co/logstash/logstash/logstash-1.5.2.tar.gz
[root@elk-redis ~]# tar -xf logstash-1.5.2.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
logstash配置文件
[root@elk-redis ~]# cat /usr/local/logstash-1.5.2/logstash-ossec.conf
input {
redis
{
host => 127.0.0.1
data_type =>list
port => 6379
key => logstash:redis
type => ossec
}
}
output {
stdout { codec => rubydebug }
if [type] == ossec {
elasticsearch {
host => 127.0.0.1
port => 9300
#cluster => ossec
index => logstash-ossec-%{ YYYY.MM.dd}
document_type => ossec
template_name => template-ossec
template => /usr/local/share/logstash/elasticsearch_template.json
template_overwrite => true
}
}
}
后台运行logstash
[root@elk-redis ~]# /usr/local/logstash-1.5.2/bin/logstash -f /usr/local/logstash-1.5.2/logstash-ossec.conf &
{
@timestamp => 2016-05-19T02:05:43.103Z,
@version => 1,
ossec_group => pam,syslog,authentication_success,,
reporting_ip => 192.168.153.187,
reporting_source => /var/log/secure,
rule_number => 5501,
severity => 3,
signature => Login session opened.,
@message => May 19 10:06:18 localhost sshd[4834]: pam_unix(sshd:session): session opened for user root by
(uid=0),
@fields.hostname => agent15,
@fields.product => ossec,
raw_message => ** Alert 1463623542.5137: – pam,syslog,authentication_success,\\\\n2016 May 19 10:05:42 (agent15)
192.168.153.187->/var/log/secure\\\\nRule: 5501 (level 3) -> \\\’Login session opened.\\\’\\\\nMay 19 10:06:18 localhost sshd[4834]:
pam_unix(sshd:session): session opened for user root by (uid=0),
ossec_server => ossec-server,
type => ossec
e、安装kibana
[root@elk-redis ~]# tar -xf kibana-4.1.1-linux-x64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
[root@elk-redis ~]# nohup /usr/local/kibana-4.1.1-linux-x64/bin/kibana &
(4)、访问kibana
http://192.168.153.200:5601
elk安装参考文章
http://baidu.blog.51cto.com/71938/1676798
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